Conquest of the Azores | |||||||
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Part of the War of the Portuguese Succession | |||||||
Map of the Terceira Island. By Jan Huygen van Linschoten. |
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Belligerents | |||||||
Kingdom of Portugal | Spain
(Under Philip of Spain) |
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Prior of Crato | Álvaro de Bazán | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
9,200 men[4] 30 warships |
11,700 men[4] 96 warships |
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
9,000 dead or captured[1] (Mostly prisoners) |
400 dead or wounded |
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The Conquest of the Azores, principally Terceira Island, took place on 2 August 1583, between the Portuguese loyal to the claimant Dom António, Prior of Crato, supported by French and English troops, and the Spanish-Portuguese forces loyal to King Philip commanded by the admiral Don Álvaro de Bazán during the War of the Portuguese Succession.
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Secure within his Lisbon base, the Marquis of Santa Cruz prepared an amphibious invasion force. This time his aim was not to fight a fleet but to land an army: the task force could certainly defend itself if necessary, but its primary role was to put troops, together with their supporting equipment and supplies, on a selected beach-head and then to back them up until the military objectives had been gained.
After only one day's fighting Terceira fell and the Spanish-Portuguese troops won an easy victory thanks to the good command of Don Álvaro de Bazán. The same day, the Spanish-Portuguese force landed in Faial, where they defeated and captured a garrison of five French and one English companies, 700 men all told.[3] The French and English soldiers on the islands were allowed to retire unharmed, but sixteen supporters of Dom António who had tried to flee on the night of the attack, were executed.
Dom António and a handful of his supporters were lucky to escape with their lives.[1]
With the conquest of the Terceira Island, the Azores Islands were completely controlled by the Habsburg King, Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal) and the war ended with the complete incorporation of the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonies into the Iberian Union.[2]
Dom António returned to France and lived for a time in Ruel, near Paris. Fear of spies, employed by Philip II of Spain, drove António from one refuge to another until he finally went to England.
Elizabeth I of England and her advisers viewed with trepidation the rising tide of Spanish victories (the conquest of the Azores Islands in the south and of the Flemish coast in the north) in 1583.